IQ1) What are the advantages and issues with delaying parenthood?
WINKS
1. Relate the organs involved in human reproductive systems to their function
a) identify the parts and describe the function of the reproductive system: * female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina * male: testes, scrotum, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis. b) outline the menstrual cycle and the role of hormones in control c) outline the stages of pregnancy * describe the process of fertilisation * describe the role(s) of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid 5. Describe development in biotechnology and discuss some advantages and disadvantages of their use and applications, including social and ethical considerations This should include IVF and one of the following: - cloning - stem cell research - transgenic species |
2.1) The Human Reproductive System
Human reproduction is a form of sexual reproduction. This generally occurs when a male gamete successfully joins with a female gamete. Gamete is the scientific name for a sex cell. In humans, the male gamete is the sperm and the female gamete is the ovum. When these combine, a zygote is formed. After three weeks the zygote has grown into an embryo.
Many plants, also, reproduce by sexual production. In plants, the male gamete is known as the pollen grain and the female gamete is the ovule. Below is a diagram that shows this information
Many plants, also, reproduce by sexual production. In plants, the male gamete is known as the pollen grain and the female gamete is the ovule. Below is a diagram that shows this information
Complete the following activities. Handouts are provided
a) i) Use these links on the Male Reproductive system and Female Reproductive system to label the Reproductive Organs Worksheets. ii) Then create a table that provides the name of each part and a description of its function. b) Complete the Matching activity on the Male Reproductive System and Matching activity on the Female reproductive systems. c) Extension - Construct a 3D model using various craft pieces that shows the Female Reproductive systems. Make sure all organs are labelled. |
2.2) The Menstrual Cycle
A handful of species on Earth share a seemingly mysterious trait: a menstrual cycle. We’re one of the select few mammals on Earth that menstruate, and we also do it more than any other animal, even though it’s a waste of nutrients, and can be a physical inconvenience. So where’s the sense in this uncommon biological process?
So what happens during the Menstrual Cycle
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Two really interesting videos on Ovulation -Note for the second video, you will need to watch it on youtube not on weebly. Just follow the instructions on the video
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This is Your Period in 2 minutes by Glamour
Learn about the science and symptoms and emotions that can be experienced by a woman during her 28-day menstrual cycle. Sometimes it is not very easy being a woman |
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2.3) Fertilisation
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This video, created by Nucleus Medical Media, shows human fertilisation, also known as conception. Shown at a cellular level magnification, sperm struggle through many obstacles in the female reproductive tract to reach the egg. Then genetic material from the egg and a single sperm combines to form a new human being.
Watch the video and add any information to the handout sheet on Fertilisation and paste into your books under the heading 2.3) Fertilisation |
2.4) The Stages of Pregnancy
Work in groups of three or four using the google doc on google classroom
To develop an outline the sequence of events from fertilisation to birth, answer the questions below in your exercise books. 1. Where, in the female’s body, does the egg become fertilised by the sperm? 2. How many sperm fertilise the egg? If only one sperm fertilises the egg then how does it stop the others? 3. Where does the egg become implanted? 4. How can we determine scientifically that a woman is pregnant? 5. State the difference between an embryo and a foetus. 6. Find a good diagram that shows how the foetus grows over the nine months. 7. Describe the role of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid. What are the main things that they each do for the foetus? Draw a diagram to show where are they positioned? 8. Describe some of the signs that a woman is going into labour. 9. Describe the three stages of labour. You may like to use the Victorian Government website for good information. Another resource that was recommended by a student
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Hank walks you through the stages of pregnancy, beginning with how a zygote develops into blastomeres to a morula to a blastocyst and finally to an embryo and a fetus. He also explains some of the amazing anatomical changes that take place in the mother, and the hormonal sequence of events that lead to labor.
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The Science Twins discuss how babies grow
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Watch the BBC documentary "An Everyday Miracle" which tells the story of a mother and her developing baby from pregnancy to birth. Running Time 50 minutes.
Image - Baby Jackson (9 days old) and puppy Buster (14 weeks old) |
2.5) The Pros and Cons of delaying Parenthood
Biotechnology is the use of an organism, or a component of an organism or other biological system, to make a product or process. Four uses of biotechnology are:
a) Cloning - Clones are organisms that are genetically identical.
b) IVF – in-vitro fertilisation means that the egg and semen are combined outside of the female’s body
c) Stem Cells – these are unspecialised cells that can develop into various types of specialised cells such as nerve cells, heart cells, muscle cells etc.
d) Transgenic Species – when foreign genes are added into an animal or plant
There are various issues that a couple must consider when delaying parenthood and it may be that a couple will need to use IVF in order to fall pregnant. In small groups of 3 - 4 students, work through the series of activities provided below to develop a substantial understanding of IVF. We will look at a second example of biotechnology later on in this topic/
Questions to research
1) Identify what "IVF" stands for
2) Outline the IVF process. Include diagrams to support your understanding
3) List at least three advantages and three disadvantages associated with the use of IVF
4) Describe at least two ethical and two social issues with the use of IVF
Resources
Here are some helpful websites and videos that you may like to look at before answering the questions on IVF 1) Pregnancy, Birth and Baby 2) Mayo Clinic 3) IVF Australia 4) IVF on clickview - you may need to log into clickview first 5) Below left - How in vitro fertilisation works by Ted Ed below 6) Below right - Real Footage of the sperm being transplanted into an egg |
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Many women closer to 60 or even 70 are having babies, thanks to advances in medical science. As far as they're concerned, it's no-one else's business that they're becoming mothers, when other women their age are becoming grandmothers. All well and good, but what about their kids?
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Additional Resources
1) What happens to our bodies as we go through Puberty?
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a) View the powerpoint "Puberty" as a group then create a Venn diagram in your exercise book that demonstrates the similarities and differences that men and women experience during puberty. There is also a very good website by U products "Puberty" that you can check out.
b) Complete the "Matching Activity for Puberty" Additional Resource: The clickview video "The Human body Pt 4 : Raging Teens" |